Materialien zur Klassischen Indologie

Banaras Bibliography

Copyright Axel Michaels & Jörg Gengnagel

Revised and updated, June 2002

 

Content

  1. General
  2. Cultural History
  3. History
  4. Cultural Geography, Ganges
  5. Arts, Architecture
  6. Religion, Ritual
  7. Economics and Society
  8. Banaras in Sanskrit Literature
  9. Banaras in Hindi Literature

Banaras in general

All-India Kashiraj Trust (ed.).1981. Vārānasī - An Introduction to the Greatness of the City. Varanasi.

Bhattacharya, B. 1999. Varanasi Rediscovered. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.

Cape, C. Phillips 1909. Benares: The Stronghold of Hinduism. London.

— 1910. Benares. London: Kelly.

Chandra, Motī 1962. Kāshī kā Itihās. Bombay [in Hindi].

Couté, Pierre Daniel & Jean Michel Léger 1989. Bénarčs: Un Voyage d“Architecture, An Architectural Voyage. Textes et documents réunis par P.-D. Couté et J.-M. Léger. Paris: Edition Creaphis.

Eck, Diana L. 1983. Banaras: City of Light. London, [German by Bettina Bäumer: Banares. Stadt des Lichts. Frankfurt/M. 1989].

Freitag, Sandria B. (ed.) 1989a. Culture and Power in Banaras. Community, Performance and Environment, 1800-1980. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 — 1989b. "State and Community: Symbolic Popular Protest in Banaras“s Public Arenas." In: Freitag 1989a, loc. cit.,  203-28.

Gutschow, Niels & Axel Michaels 1993. Benares: Tempel und religiöses Leben in der heiligen Stadt der Hindus. Köln: Dumont Buchverlag.

Havell, E.B.1905. Benares, the Sacred City. London: Thacker & Co.

Hertel, Bradley & Cynthia Ann Humes (ed.) 1993. Living Banaras: Religion in Cultural Context. State University of New York Press, Albany.

Joshi, Esha Basanti (ed.) 1965. Uttar Pradesh District Gazetters: Varanasi. Lucknow/Allahabad: Government Press.

Lannoy, Richard 1999. Benares seen from within. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

— 2002. Benares: A World within a World. The Microcosm of Kashi Yesterday and Tomorrow. Varanasi: Indica Books. Pilgrimage & Cosmology Series: 2. [Revised text of Lannoy 1999 with a small section of illustrations.] 

Lill, Bernhard 1991. Zwischen Bombay und Benares. Frederking & Thaler.

Narain, A.K. & Gopal Lallanji (ed.) 1969. Introducing Vārānasī. Varanasi: Benares Hindu University.

Nevill, H.R. 1909. Benares: A Gazetteer. Vol. XXVI of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Allahabad: Government Press.

Nevil, Major H.A. 1925. Benares: The Hindus' Holy City. Bombay: Caxton Printing Works.

Parker, Arthur 1895. A Handbook of Benares. Banāras: J. Lazarus & Co.

Schilder, Robert and Winand M. Callewaert 2000: Banaras: Visions of a Living Ancient Tradition. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers.

Seshadri, P. 1930. Benares. 3rd Ed. Cawnpore: City Press.

Sen, Ranjani Ranjan 1912. The Holy City: Benares. Chittagong: M. R. Sen for Minto Press.

Sherring, M.A. 1868. Benares: The Sacred City of the Hindus. Delhi: Cheap Publications.

Singh, R. L. (ed.) 1955. Banāras. Banaras: Nand Kishore & Bros.

Singh, Rana P. B.1993a. Varanasi Region: An Insight to Tourist Places. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.

— (ed.) 1993b. Banāras (Vārānasī): Cosmic Order, Sacred City, Hindu Traditions. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.

— 1993c. "Varanasi, A World Heritage City: Frame and Historical Accounts". In: R.P.B. Singh 1993b: 297-307.

Singh, Rana P. B. & Pravin S. Rana 2002. Banaras Region. A Spiritual & Cultural Guide.Pilgrimage & Cosmology Series: 1. Varanasi: Indica Books. 

Sukul, Kuber Nath 1977. Vārānasī Vaibhāva. Patna [in Hindi].

Varanasi City Guide 2002. New Delhi: Eicher Goodearth Limited.

Verma, T.P. & D.P. Singh & J.S. Mishra (eds.) 1986. Varanasi through the Ages: Proceedings of an All-India Seminar. Varanasi: Bhartiya Itihas Samkalan Samiti.

Vidyarthi, L.P. & B.N. Saraswati & Makhan Jha 1979. The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization. Delhi: Concept Publ. Co.

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Cultural History

Bakker, Hans 1993. "Early Mythology Relating to Vārānasī". In: Singh, Rana.P.B. (ed.) 1993b, loc. cit., 21-28.

Bayly, Christopher A.1978. "Indian Merchants in a 'Traditional' Setting, Benares 1780-1820". In: Hopkins, A. & C. Dewey (eds.), The Imperial Impact. London: Athlone Press, 151-73.

Clémentin-Ojha, C. 2000. "Źtre un brahmane smārta aujourd“hui. Quelques points de repčre ą partir une enquźte ethnographique ą Bénarčs." Bulletin de l“École franēaise d“Extrźme-Orient 87: 317-39.

Dalmia, Vasudha 1996. "Sanskrit Scholars and Pandits of the Old School: The Benares Sanskrit College and the Constitution of Authority in the Late Nineteenth Century". Journal of Indian Philosophy, 24 (4): 321-37.

—  1997. The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Harishchandra and Nineteenth-Century Banaras. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

—  2001. "Vernacular histories in late 19th century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism." The Indian Economic & Social History Review (Sage, New Delhi), vol. 38 (1): 59-79.

Dar, S. L. & S. Somaskandan 1966. History of the Banaras Hindu University. Varanasi: B.H.U. Press.

Dubey, Devi Prasad 1985. "Vārānasī: A Name Study". Archiv Orientįlnķ (Academia, Praha) 53 (4) 347-54. Revised and expanded form published in Singh, R.P.B. (ed.) 1993b, loc. cit., 29-36.

Eck, Diana L. 1985. "Banaras: Cosmos and Paradise in the Hindu Imagination". Contributions to Indian Sociology N.S. (New Delhi) 19 (1): 41-55.

—  1993. Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras. Boston: Beacon Press.

Gesler, Wilbert M. & Margaret Pierce 2000. Hindu Varanasi. Geographical Review (AGS, New York), vol. 90 (2): 222- 37.

Hertel, Bradley R. & Cynthia A. Humes (eds.) 1993. Living Banaras: Religion in Cultural Context. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY.

Köckman, Uwe 1993. "The Role of Educational Institution in the Awakening of Hindu Nationalism in 19th Century Vārānasī." In: Singh 1993b, loc. cit., 289-96.

Kishorī, Sarit 1995. Vārānasī ke sthānnāmom kā sāmskritik adhyayan. Vārānasī: Vishvavidhyālaya Prakāshan [in Hindi].

Mehrotra, R.R.1977. Sociology of Secret Languages. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Simla. Chapter 2 reprinted in Singh, Rana P. B. 1993b, loc. cit., 197-214.

Sarasvati, B.N. 1975. Kashi: Myth and Reality of a Classical Cultural Tradition. Simla: Institute of Advanced Studies.

Sarasvatī, Dandī Svāmī Shīvānand 1990. Kāshī darshan. Vārānasī: Dharmasangha [in Hindi].

—  1998. Kāshi gaurav (kāshī kī pancakroshī yātrā 'māhātmya' kāshī kā itihās kāshī māhātmya vartmān mem pracalit vārānasī kī sampūrn yātrā). Vārānasī: Dharmasangha [in Hindi].

Singh, Birendra Pratap1985. Life in Ancient Varanasi (An Account Based on Archaeological Evidence). Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.

Singh, Ram Dular (ed.) 1986. Bengal and Varanasi: a study of cultural synthesis & national integration (Bengal's Contribution to Varanasi). Calcutta: Bibliographical Society of India.

Singh, Rana P.B.1989. Where Cultural Symbols Meet: Literary Images of Varanasi. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.

Upādhyāya, Baldeva 1994. Kāshi kī pānditya paramparā (kāshīstha samskrta vidvānom jīvancarit evam sāhityak avadānom kā prāmānik vivaran) [1200-1980]. Vārānasī: Vishvavidyālaya Prakāshan [in Hindi].

Visuvalingam, Sunthar & Elizabeth Chalier-Visuvalingam 1993. "Between Mecca and Banaras: Towards an Acculturation-Model of Muslim-Hindu Relations". Islam and the Modern Age 24: 20-69.

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History

Agrawala, Vasudeva S. 1984a. Sārnāth. 4th Ed. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India.

—  1984b. Varanasi Seals and Sealings. Varanasi: Prithivi Prakashan.

Altekar, A.S. 1947. Benares and Sarnath: Past and Present. Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University Press.

Archers, Mildred 1971. "Banaras and the British." In: Krishna, Anand (ed.), Chavi Golden Jubilee Volume. Banaras: 70-74, figures 179-85.

Chandra, Motī 1962. Kāshī kā Itihās. Bombay [in Hindi].

Cohn, Bernard S. 1960. "The initial British Impact on India, a case study of Banaras region." Journal of Asian Studies (Ann Arbor) 19(4): 418-31. [Reprinted in Cohn 1988, loc. cit., 320-42.] 

— 1962a. "Political Systems in Eighteenth Century India: The Banaras Region". Journal of the American Oriental Society 82: 312-20. [Reprinted in Cohn 1988, loc. cit., 483-99.] 

— 1962b. "The British in Benares: A Nineteenth Century Colonial Society." ComparativeStudies in Society and History 4.2. [Reprinted in Cohn 1988, loc. cit., 422-62.] 

— 1988. An Anthropologist among the Historians and Other Essays. With an introduction by Ranajit Guha. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. [See section IV. "The British in Benares" with reprints of eight essays on Banaras.] 

Freitag, Sandria B. 1989. "Introduction. The History and Political Economy of Banaras." In: Freitag (ed.) 1989a, loc. cit., 1-22.

Köckmann, Uwe 1980. Revivalismus in Indien: Zur politischen Geschichte Varanasis. (Diss.) Bochum.

Mishra, Kamla Prasad 1975. Banaras in Transition (1738-1895): A Socio-Economic Study. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.

Nair, P. Thankappan 1999. James Prinsep. Life and Work. Vol. I Background and Benares Period, Calcutta, Firma KLM Private.

Namasivaya, Swami 1932. Guide to Benares. Benares.

Narain, A.K. & T.N. Roy (ed.s) 1976. Excavations at Rajghat. 1957-58, 1960-65. Part I-IX. Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University Press.

Narain, V.A. 1959. Jonathan Duncan and Varanasi. Calcutta: K.L.Mukhopadhyay.

Niyogi, Roma 1959. The History of the Gāhadavāla Dynasty. Calcutta: Oriental Book Agency.

Pāndeya, Bānārasī Lal 1975. Mahārāja Balavanta Simha aur Kāshī kā Atīta. Varanasi: Narayana Prakashan. [in Hindi]

Roy, T.N. 1986. "Archaeological Excavations". In: Verma T.P. & Singh, D. P. & Mishra, J. S. (eds.), loc. cit., 24-30.

Sanyal, Suprakash 1979. Benares and the English East India Company, 1764-1795. Calcutta: The World Press Private Ltd.

Singh, Birendra Pratap 1985. Life in Ancient Varanasi. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.

Singh, Rana P.B. 1993c. "Varanasi: Demographical Profile in 1820s and its Linkage to the Past and Present". In: Singh, R.P.B. 1993a, loc. cit: 279-288.

Sukul, Kuber Nath 1974. Varanasi Down the Ages. Patna.

The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Bd. VII. Oxford 1908 (New Edition). 

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Cultural Geography, Ganges

Akhtar, Jamal 1992. Muslims in Varanasi City: A Study in Cultural Geography. Ph. D. thesis. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 

Bakker, Hans 1996. "Construction and Reconstruction of Sacred Space in Vārānasī." Numen XLIII (1): 32-55.

Darrian, St.1978. The Ganges in Myth and History. Honululu.

Derné, Steve 1998: "Feeling Water: Notes on the sensory Construction of Time and Space in Banaras". Man in India 78: 1-7.

Eck, Diana L. 1998. "The Imagined Landscape: Patterns in the Construction of Hindu Sacred Geography". Contributions to Indian Sociology (n.s.) 32 (2): 165-88.

Gengnagel, Jörg 2000. "Visualisierung religiöser Räume. Zur Kartographie von Benares." In: Pezzoli-Olgiati, Daria & Stolz, F. (eds.) Cartografia religiosa, Religiöse Kartographie, Cartographie religieuse. Bern: Peter Lang, 217-34.

Gengnagel, Jörg & Michaels, Axel 2001. Kailāsanātha Sukula“s Mirror of Kāshī (Kāshīdarpana, 1876). A historical map of Vārānasī based on the Kāshīkhanda and related texts. University of Heidelberg – South Asia Institute 2001. (Electronic Publication: http://benares.uni-hd.de/ )

Gutschow, Niels & Axel Michaels 1993. Benares: Tempel und religiöses Leben in der heiligen Stadt der Hindus. Köln: DuMont Buchverlag.

Gutschow, Niels 1994. "Vārānasī/Benares: The Centre of Hinduism? A Discussion of the Meaning of 'Place' and 'Space'." Archiv für Wissenschaftliche Geographie 48: 194-209.

— 1999. Pilgrimage and Space: The definatory purpose of pilgrimage routes (Case Studies from Bhaktapur, Kag and Muktinath (Nepal) and Varanasi). Contribution for the Conference "Pilgrimage and Complexity" at Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts in New Delhi, 5-9 January 1999.

Köckmann, Uwe 1982. Hindutradition und Stadtentwicklung. Varanasi: Analyse einer gewachsenen ungeplanten Pilgerstadt am Ganges. Bochum: Studienverlag Dr. Brockmeyer.

Mecking, Ludwig 1913. "Benares, ein kulturgeographisches Charakterbild". Geographische Zeitschrift (Leipzing; A. Hettner, ed.) 19: 20-35 und 77-96.

Michaels, Axel 2000. "Konstruktionen von Translokalität und Zentralität. Eine religiöse Karte von Benares". In: Pezzoli-Olgiati, Daria & F. Stolz (eds.), Cartografia religiosa, Religiöse Kartographie, Cartographie religieuse. Bern: Peter Lang: 187-216.

Narain, A. K. et al. (eds.) 1976. Excavations at Rājghāt, Part I-IX. Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University.

Pieper, Jan 1979. "A Pilgrim's Map of Benares: Notes on Codification in Hindu Cartography." GeoJournal (Dordrecht) 3 (2) : 215-18.

Putman, John J. (photographs by Singh, Raghubir) 1971. "The Ganges, River of Faith". National Geographic (Washington D.C.), 140 (4), October: 445-83.

Rama Rau, Santha (photographs by Heiderer, Tony) 1986. "Banaras: India's City of Light". National Geographic, 169 (2), February: 214-51.

Saraswati, Baidyanath 1985. "Kashi Pilgrimage - The End of an endless Journey". Jha, Makhan (ed.) Dimensions of Pilgrimage. An Anthropological Appraisal (Based on the Transactions of a World Symposium on Pilgrimage). New Delhi: Inter-India Publications: 91–104.

Shamkar, Hari 1996. Kāshi ke ghāt: Kalātmak evam sāmskritik adhyayan. Vārānasī: Vishvavidhyālay Prakāshan [in Hindi].

Singh, Onkar & V.K. Kumra & J. Singh 1988. India's Urban Environment: Pollution, Perception and Management. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.

Singh, R.L. 1955. Banaras: A Study in Urban Geography. Banaras: Nand Kishore & Sons.

Singh, R.L. & Rana P.B. Singh 1980. "Cognizing urban landscape of Benares: a note on cultural synthesis". The National Geographical Journal of India 26 (3-4): 113-23.

Singh, Rana P.B. 1987a. "The Pilgrimage Mandala of Varanasi/Kashi: A Study in Sacred Geography". The National Geographical Journal of India 33: 493-524.

—  1987b. "Toward Myth, Cosmos, Space and Mandala in India - a Search in the Geography of Belief Systems". The National Geographical Journal of India 33: 305-26.

—  1990. "Literary Images, Cultural Symbols and Intimate Sensing. The Ganga River in Varanasi. National Geographical Journal of India 36: 117-28.

— 1991. "Panchakroshi Yatra, Varanasi: Sacred journey, ecology of place and faithscape". National Geographical Journal of India, 37(1–2): 49–98.

— 1993d. "The Ganga Ghats, Varanasi: The Riverfront Landscape". In: Singh, R.P.B. 1993b, loc. cit., 65-101.

— 1994. "The Sacred Geometry of India“s Holy City, Varanasi: Kashi as Cosmogram". National Geographical Journal of India 40 (1-2): 189-216.

— 1998. "Sacred Journey and Faithscape: An experience of the Panchakroshi Pilgrimage, Varanasi (India)". The Pennsylvania Geographer 36.1: 55–91.

— 2002. Towards the Pilgrimage Archetype. The Pancakroshī Yātrā of Banāras. Pilgrimage & Cosmology Series: 3. Varanasi:  Indica Books.

Singh, Rana P. B. & Masaaki Fukunaga 2000. "Perfoming Pilgrimage and Pilgrimage-Tourism: An Experience of the PańcakroshĶ YĮtrĮ, Varanasi", in D. P. Dubey (ed.): Pilgrimage Studies: the power of sacred places. Allahabad, Society of Pilgrimage Studies: 183–205. (Pilgrimage Studies No. 5)

Tagare, G.V. 1991: "Pilgrimages at Kāshī: Past and Present". Journal of the Oriental Institute 41: 13–16.

Varady, Robert G. 1989. "Land Use and Environmental Change in the Gangetic Plain. Nineteenth Century Human Activity in the Banaras Region". In: Freitag, S.B. (ed.) 1989a, loc. cit., 229-45.

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Arts, Architecture

Agrawal, Prithvi K. 1978. "Some Varanasi Images of Ganapati and the Iconographic Problem". Artibus Asiae 39 (2), 139-55.

Agrawala, Vasudeva S. 1984. Varanasi Seals and Sealings. Varanasi: Prthivi Prakashan.

Archers, William G. 1971. "Banaras and British Art". In: Anand Krishna (ed.), Chavi Golden Jubilee Volume. Banaras, 43-47, figures 123-32.

Couté, P.-D. & J.-M. Léger (eds.) 1989. Bénarčs: Un Voyage d'Architecture. Paris: Editions Creaphis.

Joshi, N. P. 1990. "Varanasi-Silapatts, a unique depiction of Varanasi in sculpture". In: Sinha, Chitta Prasad (ed.): Archaeology and Art, Vol. 2, Delhi: 390-94.

—  1992. "Deva-Pattas: a less known chapter of medieval Hindu canopy". In: T.S. Maxwell (ed.) Eastern Approaches: Essays on Asian Art and Archaeology. Delhi: Oxford University Press: 133-40.

Kohili, Sujata 1986. Varanasi: A Study in Landscape Architecture.(With special reference to Ghats). Unpublished M.Arch. thesis in landscape architecture. New Delhi: School of planning and architecture.

Kumar, Nita 1987. "The Mazars of Banaras: a new perspective on the city's sacred geography". The National Geographical Journal of India 33 (3): 263-67.

Mookerjee, Ajit (ed.) 1966. Banaras Brocades: Essays by Rai Ananda Krishna and Vijay Krishna. New Delhi: Craft Museum.

Prinsep, James 1833. Benares, Illustrated in a Series of Drawings. Calcutta: Smith, Elder & Co.

Sahni, Daya Ram 1914. Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sārnāth. Calcutta: Government Printing.

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Religion, Ritual

Bauer, Marcel, und Christoph 1980. Der Tod in Benares. Trier: Spee-Buchverlag GmbH.

Chalier-Visuvalingam, Elizabeth 1989. "Bhairava's Royal Brahmanicide: The Problem of the Mahā- Brāhmana". In: A. Hiltebeitel (ed.), Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 157-229.

— 1986. "Bhairav: Kotwāla of Vārānasī". In: Verma, Singh & Mishra, J. S. (eds.), loc. cit. 241-60.

— & S. Visuvalingam 1996. "Bhairava and the Goddess. Tradition, Gender and Transgression". In: Michaels, A. & C. Vogelsange & A. Wilke (ed..), Wild Goddesses in India and Nepal. Bern: Peter Lang, 253-302.

Coccari, Diana M. 1989. "The Bir Babas of Banaras and the Deified Dead". In: A. Hiltebeitel (ed.), Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 251-69.

— 1989. Protection and Identity: Banaras's Bir Babas as Neighbourhood Guardian Deities". In: S. Freitag (ed.) 1989a, loc. cit., 130-46.

Corre, L. 1989. "Akhara and naubatkhana". In: Couté, P.-D. & J.-M. Léger (eds.), Bénarčs. Un Voyage d'Architecture. Paris: Edition Creaphis, 141-49.

Elder, Joseph W.1977. An Indian Pilgrimage: Kashi. Film Guide.

Hein, Norvin 1959. "The Ram Lila". In: M. Singer (ed.), Traditional India: Structure and Change. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 73-98.

Herbert, Jean 1957. Banaras. A Guide to Panch-Kroshi Yatra. Calcutta, Saturday Mail Publications.

Hess, Linda 1983. "Rāma Līlā: The Audience Experience". In: M. Thiel-Horstmann (ed.), Bhakti in Current Research. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 171-94.

Howard, Wayne 1986. Veda Recitation in Varanasi. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Irwin, John 1983. "The Lat Bhairo at Benares (Varanasi): Another Pre-Ashokan Monument?" Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Wiesbaden) 133 (3): 321-52.

Justice, Christopher 1997. Dying the Good Death. The Pilgrimage to die in India's Holy City. New York, State University Press.

Kapera, Constance 1966. The Worship of Kali in Varanasi: An Inquiry. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Kapur, Anuradha 1990. Actors, Pilgrims, Kings and Gods: The Ramlila at Ramnagar. Calcutta: Seagull Books. [see also Contr. to Indian Soc. 19 (1985) 57-74].

— 1991. Rājā and Prājā: Presentational Conventions in the Rāmlīlā at Ramnagar. In: Thiel-Horstmann, M. (ed.) Rāmāyana and Rāmāyanas. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 153-68.

Katz, Marc J. 1993. The children of Assi: the transference of religious traditions and communal inclusion in Banaras. Göteborg: Departement of Religious Studies.

Kaushik, Meena 1976. "The Symbolic Representation of Death". Contributions to Indian Sociology (N.S.) 10 (2), 265-292. Reprinted in R.P.B. Singh (ed.) 1993b, loc.cit., 123-39.

Keul, Istvįn 1998: "Ein Gott macht Karriere. Hanumanverehrung in Benares". Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 6, 23-45. 

— 2002. Hanumān, der Gott in Affengestalt: Entwicklung und Erscheinungsformen seiner Verehrung. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. 

Kumar, Nita 1986a. "Open Space and Free Time: Pleasure for the People of Banaras". Contributions to Indian Sociology, NS 20 (1): 41-60.

— 1986b. "Patronage, Identity and Cultural Change: Five Melas of Banaras". In: T.P. Verma & D.P. Singh & J.S. Mishra (ed.s) 1986, loc. cit., 159-170. Reprinted in Singh 1993b, loc. cit., 225-33.

Lutgendorf, Philip 1989a. "Rāma's Story in Shiva's City: Public Arenas and Private Patronage". In Freitag, S.B. (ed.) 1989a, loc. cit., 34-61.

— 1989b. "The View from the Ghats: Traditional Exegesis of a Hindu Epic". Journal of Asian Studies (Ann Arbor), 48 (2): 272-88.

— 1992. The Life of a Text: Performing the Rāmacaritamānas of Tulsidas. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Malville, John McKim 1985. "Sun Worship in Contemporary India". Man in India 63 (3): 207-33.

Parkhil, Thomas 1993. "What's Taking Place: Neighborhood Ramlilas in Banaras". In: Hertel, Bradley R. & Humes, Cynthia A. (eds.), loc. cit., 127-44.

Parry, Jonathan P. 1980. "Ghost, Greed and Sin: The Occupational Identity of the Benares Funeral Priests". Man (RAIGI, London), N.S., 15 (1-2): 88-111. Reprinted in Singh, Rana P. B. 1993b, loc. cit., 179-96.

— 1981. "Death and Cosmogony in Kashi". Contributions to Indian Sociology N.S. (New Delhi), 15 (1-2), 337-365. Reprinted in Singh, Rana P. B. 1993b, loc. cit., 103-21.

— 1982. "Sacrificial Death and Necrophagous Ascetic". In: M. Bloch & J. Parry (eds.), Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 74-110.

— 1985. "The Aghori Ascetics of Benares". In: Burghart, R. & Cantlie, A. (eds.), Indian Religion. London/New York: 51-78.

— 1994. Death in Banaras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [see: Laidlaw, James 1996: "The Uses and Abuses of Theology: Comments on Jonathan Parry“s Death in Banaras." Review Article. South Asia Research 16: 31–44.]

Pathak, R.K. & C.A. Humes 1993. "Lolark Kund: Sun and Shiva Worship in the City of Light". In: Hertel, Bradley R. & Cynthia A. Humes (eds.), loc. cit., 205-44.

Pugh, Judy F. 1983a. "Astrological Counseling in Contemporary India". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 7 (1): 1-21.

— 1983b. "Into the Almanac: Time, Meaning, and Action in North Indian Society". Contributions to Indian Sociology, N.S., 17 (1): 27-49.

— 1984. "Concepts of Person and Situation in North Indian Counseling". Contribution to Asian Studies (Leiden), 18: 85-105.

Saraswati, B.N. 1985. "The Kashivasis Widows". Man in India, 65 (2): 107-20.

Sawyer, Dana W. 1993. "The Monastic Structure of Banarasi Dandi Sadhus". In: Bradley R. Hertel & Humes, Cynthia A. (eds.), loc. cit., 159-180.

Sax, W. S. 1993. The Rāmnagar Rāmlīlā: Text, Performance, Pilgrimage. In: Singh 1993b: 257-73.

Schechner, Richard 1982a. "Ramlila of Ramnagar and America's Oberammergau: Two Celebratory Ritual Dramas". In: Turner, Victor (ed.), Celebrations: Studies in Festivity and Ritual. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 89-106.

— 1982b. "Ramlila of Ramnagar: An Introduction". Quarterly Journal of the Nation Centre for the Performing Arts (Bombay), 11 (3-4): 66-98.

— 1983. "Ramlila of Ramnagar: An Introduction". In: ibid. (ed.), Performative Circumstances. Calcutta: Seagull Books, 238-88.

— 1985. "Ramlila of Ramnagar". In: ibid. (ed.), Between Theatre and Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 151-211.

— 1993a. "Striding Through the Cosmos: Movement, Belief, Politics and Place in the Ramlila of Ramnagar". In: ibid., The Future of Ritual. London/New York: Routledge, 131-83.

— 1993b. "Crossing the Water: Pilgrimage, Movement, and Environmental Scenography of the Ramlila of Ramnagar". In: Hertel, Bradley R. & Humes, Cynthia A. (eds.), loc. cit., 159-80.

— & Linda Hess 1977. "The Ramlila of Ramnagar (India)". The Drama Review (New York), 21 (3): 51-88.

Singh, Rana P.B. 1987a. "The Pilgrimage Mandala of Varanasi/Kashi: A Study in Sacred Geography." The National Geographical Journal of India (33): 493-524.

— 1987b. "Toward Myth, Cosmos, Space and Mandala in India - a Search in the Geography of Belief Systems". The National Geographical Journal of India, (33): 305-26.

— 1988. "The Image of Varanasi: Sacrality and Perceptual World in Hindu Codification". The National Geographical Journal of India (34): 1-32.

— 1990. "Time and Hindu Ritual in Vārānasī". In: L. Gopal and D.P. Dubey (eds.), Pilgrimage Studies: Text and Context. Allahabad: 67-72.

Sinha, S., & B. Saraswati 1978. Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration. Varanasi.

Shulman, David 1998. "Ambivalence and longing: Vyāsa“s curse on Kāshi." In: Kedar, Benjamin Z. & R.J. Zwi Werblowsky (eds.), Sacred Space: Shrine, City, Land. New York: New York University Press, 192-214.

Wadley, S.S. 1980. "Sitala: The Cool One". Asian Folklore Studies (39): 33-62.

Wilke, Annette 1993. "Durgā-Pūjā in Benares". Unipress (Bern) 78: 19-25.

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Economics and Society

Alter, Joseph S. 1992. The Wrestler's Body and Ideology in North India. Berkeley: University of California Press.

— 1993. "Hanuman and the Moral Physique of the Banarasi wrestler". In: Hertel, Bradley R. & Cynthia A. Humes (eds.), loc. cit., 127-44.

Arnold, David 1989. "The ecology and cosmology of disease in the Banaras region". In Freitag 1989a: 246-67.

Bayly, Christopher A. 1983. Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaar: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cohen, Lawrence. "Toward an Anthropology of Senility: Anger, Weakness and Alzheimer's in Banaras, India." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 9.3 (1995): 314–34.

Derné, Steve 1995. Culture in action : family life, emotion, and male dominance in Banaras, India . Albany : State Univ. of New York Press.

Heitler, R. 1972. "The Varanasi House Tax Hartal of 1810-11". Indian Economic and Social History Review 10, 3: 239-57.

Kaushik, Meena 1979. Religion and social structure: a case study of the Doms of Banaras. Ph.D thesis. University of Delhi.

Kennedy, James 1884. Life and Work in Benares and Kumaon, 1839-1877. London: T. Fischer Unwin [New York 1885].

Kumar, Nita 1989. "Work and Leisure in the Formation of Identity: Muslim Weavers in a Hindu City". In: Freitag, S.B. 1989a (ed.), loc. cit.: 147-70.

— 1988. The Artisans of Banaras: Popular Culture and Identity, 1860-1986. Princeton University Press.

— 1992. Friends, Brothers and Informants: Fieldwork Memoirs of Benares. Berkeley: University of California Press.

— 2000. Lessons from Schools. The History of Education in Banaras. New Delhi: Sage.

Lodrick, Deryck O. 1979. "On religion and milk bovines in an urban Indian setting". Current Anthropology (Chicago), (20) 1: 241-42. Reprinted in Singh, Rana P.B. 1993b (ed.), loc. cit., 225-33.

Prinsep, James 1832. "Census of the population of the city of Benares". Asiatic Researches (Calcutta) 1: 470-98.

Saxena, Kavita 1995. Life and Status of professional women: a study of Varanasi. New Delhi: Radiant Publication.

Searle-Chatterjee, M. 1979. "The Polluted Identity of Work. A Study of Benares Sweepers." In: Wallmann, S. (ed.), Social Anthropology of Work, London, 269-86. 

— 1981. Reversible Sex Roles: The Special Case of Benares Sweepers. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Shastri, Jagdishal (not dated). Bhojaprabandha of Balladeva of Banaras. Motilal Banarsidass.

Shastri. M.H. 1912. "Dakshini Pandits at Benares". Indian Antiquary 41 (1): 7-13.

Sherring, M.A. 1872. Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares. Reprint Cosmo Publ., Delhi in 1974, 2 Vols.

Showeb, M. 1994. Silk handloom industry of Varanasi: a study of socio-economic problems of weavers. Varanasi: Ganga Kaveri Publ. House.

Srivastava, Harish Chandra 1974. The Genesis of Campus Violence in Banaras Hindu University Varanasi. Allahabad: Indian International Pub.

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Benares in Sanskrit Literature

On Sanskrit Literature and Traditional Scholarship

Bäumer, Bettina 2001. "Tāntrik Pandits in Varanasi: A Brief Survey". In: Axel Michaels (ed.) 2001: The Pandit. Traditional Scholarship in India. (Festschrift Parameswara Aithal). New Delhi: Manohar: 99-103.

Clémentin-Ojha, C. 2000. "Źtre un brahmane smārta aujourd“hui. Quelques points de repčre ą partir une enquźte ethnographique ą Bénarčs." Bulletin de l“École franēaise d“Extrźme-Orient 87: 317-39.

Eck, Diana L. 1980. "A Survey of Sanskrit Sources for the Study of Vārānasī", Purāna, Vol. 22: 81-101 [auch in R.P.B. Singh 1993c: 9-19].

Dalmia, Vasudha 1996. "Sanskrit Scholars and Pandits of the Old School: The Benares Sanskrit College and the Constitution of Authority in the Late Nineteenth Century". Journal of Indian Philosophy, 24 (4): 321-37.

Howard, Wayne 1986. Veda Recitation in Varanasi. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Kane, P.V. 1973. History of Dharmashāstra, Vol. IV, 2d ed. Chap. XIII. Poona .

Kavirāj, Gopīnāth 1965: Kāshī kī sārasvat sādhanā. Patna: Bihār rāshtrabhāshā parishad [in Hindi].

King, Christopher R. 1974. The Nāgarī Prachārinī Sabhā of Benares, 1893–1914. A Study in the Social and Political History of the Hindi Language. Ph.D. Diss. Univ. of Wisconsin.

Lütt, Jürgen 1976. "The Movement for the Foundation of the Benares Hindu University". In: German Scholars on India, ed. Cultural Department of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, New Delhi. Vol. 2, 160–95.

Nicholls, George 1907. History of Sanskrit College. Allahabad: United Province Government Press.

Shastri, M. Harprasad 1912. "Dakshini Pandits at Benares". The Indian Antiquity (Calcutta) (41)1: 7-13.

Upādhyāya, Baldeva 1994. Kāshi kī pānditya paramparā (kāshīstha samskrta vidvānom jīvancarit evam sāhityak avadānom kā prāmānik vivaran) [1200-1980]. Vārānasī: Vishvavidyālaya Prakāshan [in Hindi].

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Agni Purāna. Ānandāshrama Sanskrit Series 41, Poona, 1957. Dated: c. CE 8th century. Ref. to Varanasi 112.

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Gańgālaharī. Umesha Mishra Gauda (ed.). Varanasi 1990.

Kāshīkandha 1908 Sanskrit:

Kāshī Khanda (of Skanda Purāna). (Gurumandala Granthamalaya No.20, Vol.4). Calcutta 1961.

Kāshīkhanda. In: Skandapurāna, Bd. II. Singh, N. Sh. (ed.). Delhi 1982 [Reprint, 1830]

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Kāshikhandah Maharshivyāsapranitah Rāmānandapranitayā "Rāmānandī" vyakhyayā; Nārāyanapatitripāthīpranitayā "Nārāyanī" [4 vol.]. Karunāpathi Tripāthī (ed.). Vārānasī: Sampurnand Sanskrit University 1991; 1992; 1996; 1998.

Kashi Khand with poorvardha and uttarardha, Skanda Puranam Vol. IV. Shrimanmaharshi Krishna Dwaipayan Vedavyas (ed.). Calcutta: (Gurumandal Series No. XX) 1961.

Skanda-Purāna transl. and annotated by G. V. Tagare, Book IV: Kāshi-Khanda, 2 Vols., Delhi: Motilal 1996; 1997 (Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Series 58, 59).

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Kāshīkedāramāhātmya ed. and transl. by Vijanand Tripathi (with Hindi). Kasi: Achyut Granthamala 1931.

Kāshikedāramāhātmyam, sāhityaranjanapanditashrivijayāndatripāthiviracitabhāshānuvādayutam. Krishna Panta Sāhityācarya (ed.), Kāshī, Acyutagranthamāyākāryālaya: [edition without date, preface of editor gives: "caitra krishna 9 sam. 1988", Eck has 1920], (Acyutagranthamālāh (kh) vibhāge dvitīyam pushpam).

Kāshīmāhātmya (from the Pātāla Khanda of the Padma Purāna). Nawal Kishore Press 1939.

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Kāshīpańcakroshīmāhātmya. Banaras: Victoria Press 1906.

Kāshīpańcakroshīmāhātmya. Shivananda Sarasvati (ed.) Varanasi: Dharma Sangha 1991.

Kāshīrahasya (An Appendix to the Brahmavaivarta Purāna). Rādhākrishna Mor (ed.). Gurumandala Granthamalaya 14, Vol.III. Calcutta 1957.

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Purānas:

BrahmaPur 11

VāyuPur 92

BrahmāndaPur 67

MatsyaPur 180-85

KūrmaPur I.29-34, II. 31

PadmaPur (A1dikhānda)

Vāmanapur 3.26ff

LińgaPur 92

NāradaPur (Uttarabhāga) 48-51

ShivaPur (Kotirudrasamhitā) 22-23

BhāgavataPur X.66 (= VishnuPur V.34)

MārkandeyaPur VII-VIII

AgniPur CX II .

The Skandapurāna, Vol I. Adhyāsas 1-25. Critically edited with a Prolegomena and English Synopsis. Adriaensen, R. & Bakker, H. T. & Isaacson, H. (eds.). Groningen 1998.

Tīrtha-Texte:

Krityakapataru (Tīrthavivecana Kānda). Aiyangar, K.V. (ed.) Baroda 1948ff.

Tīrthavivecanakānda. In: "Bhattashrīlakshmīdharaviracite Krtyakalpatarau ashtamo bhaga" Rangaswami Aiyangar, K. V. (ed.). Baroda (Gaekwad's Oriental Series 98) 1942.

Tristhālīsetu. Mahādeva Limanājī Āpte (ed.). Poona 1915.

Tristhālīsetu (of Nārāyana Bhatta). Ānandāshrama Sanskrit Series 78, Poona 1915. Dt.: c. CE 1545-1550.

Trishtālīsetu [sārasangraha] by Bhattojidīkshita; Tirthendushekara by Nāgesha Bhatta; Kāshimokshavicāra by Sureshvarācārya. Sūryanārāyana Shukla (ed.). Vārānasī: Sampuranand Sanskrit University 1997.

The Bridge to the Three Holy Cities: The Sāmānya-praghattaka of Nārāyana Bhatta's Tristhālīsetu ed. et transl. by Salomon, Richard. Delhi, Varanasi, Patna 1985.

Sarasvati, Shivananda 1991. Kāshī Pańcakroshī Māhātmya.Varanasi: Dharma Sangha.

Smriticintāmani (Tīrthacintāmani)

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Pańcakoshātmaka Jyotirlińga Kāshīmāhātmya evam Kāshī kā Prācīna Itihāsa (in Sanskrit und Hindī). Vyāsa, Kedāranātha. Varanasi 1987.

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Banaras in Hindi Literature

Golding, Paul R. 1997: Tales of Banaras. The Flowing Ganges. The Life and Lore of India's Sacred City on the Ganges. Translated from the original Hindi of Rudra Kashikey, pen name of Shiv Prasad Mishra by Paul R. Golding with Virendra Singh. Delhi: Book Faith India.

Hansen, Kathryn 1989. "The Birth of Hindi Drama in Banaras, 1868-1885". In: Freitag, Sandria B. (ed.) 1989a,  loc. cit., 62-92.

Devatīrtha, Anantashrīcarana (Kāshthajihvā Svāmī) 1997: Pancakrosha Sudhā. Anuvādak evam sampādak: Satyanārāyana Shāstrī Khandugi. Varanasi: Sarvabharatiya Kashiraja Nyasa.

King, Christopher R. 1989. "Forming a New Linguistic Identity: The Hindi Movement in Banaras, 1868-1914". In: Freitag, Sandria B. (ed.) 1989a, loc. cit., 179-202.

Köckman, Uwe 1993. "The Role of Educational Institutionin the Awakening of Hindu Nationalism in 19th Century Vārānasī". In: Singh, Rana P.B. (ed.) 1993b, loc.cit., 289-296.

Sukul, Kuber Nath 1977. Vārānasī Vaibhāva. Patna [in Hindi].

Singh, Rana P.B. 1989. Where Cultural Symbols Meet: Literary Images of Varanasi. Varanasi: Tara Book Agency.

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